Kusukela ekwindla, i-mycoplasma pneumonia yezingane isanda kutholakala, izingane eziningi sezigula isikhathi eside, abazali bakhathazekile, abazi ukuthi bangabhekana kanjani nazo.Inkinga yokumelana nemithi ekwelapheni i-mycoplasma nayo yenze leli gagasi lokutheleleka kwaba into egxilwa kakhulu kuyo.Ake sibheke i-mycoplasma pneumonia.
1. Yini ebangelai-mycoplasma pneumonia?Ingabe kuyathelelana?Ngani?
I-Mycoplasma pneumonia ukuvuvukala okunamandla kwamaphaphu okubangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-mycoplasma pneumoniae.I-Mycoplasma iyi-microorganism encane kunazo zonke engaphila ngokuzimela phakathi kwamagciwane nama-bacteria, futhi iyi-pathogen ebalulekile yokutheleleka kwepheshana lokuphefumula ezinganeni, kodwa empeleni, akuyona i-microorganism esanda kuvela e-pathogenic, minyaka yonke, unyaka wonke, njalo nge-3 kuya ku-5. iminyaka ingaba ubhubhane oluncane, futhi izinga lezehlakalo lizoba phezulu izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 kunokuvamile phakathi nenkathi yobhubhane.Kulo nyaka, izigameko zomhlaba wonke zokutheleleka kwe-mycoplasma zikhuphuka, futhi zinezici zobusha, futhi kulula ukuphuma ezinkulisa nasezikoleni, ngakho-ke izingane zingamaqembu okuvikela abalulekile e-mycoplasma pneumonia.I-Mycoplasma pneumonia yisifo esithathelwanayo esikwazi ukuzibekela umkhawulo futhi siyathathelana, sisakazwa ngokuthintana eduze nokuphuma komlomo namakhala noma ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni aphuma emlonyeni noma emakhaleni.Ngokuvamile lesi sifo siqala ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.Ngemva komqedazwe,bambalwa abantu abagqoka imaski, ukudala izimo ezivumayo zokusabalala kwe-mycoplasma.
2. Obani abangaba sengozini ye-mycoplasma pneumonia?Isiphi isikhathi sonyaka izehlakalo eziphezulu ze-mycoplasma pneumonia?Yiziphi izimpawu?
Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-4 nengama-20 kungenzeka ukuthi bathole inyumoniya ye-mycoplasma, kodwa ingane encane iyingane enenyanga eyodwa ubudala.Inani lamacala liqala ukwanda ehlobo futhi lifike phezulu ngasekupheleni kwekwindla noma ebusika.Izingane ezine-mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumoniae ukutheleleka ngezici zeminyaka ehlukene azifani, kakhuluizimpawu ezivamile umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela.Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zamaphaphu ezinganeni zakuqala azibonakali, ngokuvamile azinakwa, futhi abazali bangase basebenzise ama-antibiotics ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho ukuze babangele imithi engasebenzi, njengezidakamizwa ze-penicillin, i-amoxicillin, i-amoxicillin clavulanate potassium, i-piperacillin, njll, ngoba i-penicillin ayinawo umphumela wokwelapha ku-mycoplasma, kulula ukubambezela lesi sifo.Izimpawu zokuqala zezingane ezincane ukukhwehlela nesikhwehlela, okuhambisana nokuhefuzela, ukuhefuzela emaphashini, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-38.1 no-39 ° C, okuyimfiva emaphakathi.Udonga lwe-bronchial lwezingane luyi-inelastic, ukucindezela kokuphefumula kwenza i-lumen ibe mncane, ukufihla akulula ukukhipha, futhi kulula ukuvela i-atelectasis ne-emphysema, uma kuhlangene nokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, futhi kungase kuholele empyema.Ezinganeni ezindadlana, uphawu lokuqala wukukhwehlela okuhambisana nemfiva noma ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-3 kamuva, ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela noma ukukhwehlela okomile okucasulayo okuqhubekayo.Inani elincane lezingane ezinokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ngokushesha, ubunzima bokuphefumula nezinye izimpawu ezibucayi, kufanele zinakwe kakhulu.Futhi ingxenye yesine yezingane ine-rashes, i-meningitis, i-myocarditis nezinye izibonakaliso zangaphandle kwamaphaphu.
3. Okusolwa ukuthi i-mycoplasma pneumonia ukuya esibhedlela yimuphi umnyango?
Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala ukuze zibone izifo zezingane, ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala zingaya emnyangweni wokuphefumula nokwelashwa, izimpawu ezibucayi zingabhaliswa emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo.Ngemva kokubonisana nodokotela nokuhlolwa kwakhe, kungase kudingeke ukuthi aye emnyangweni wezithombe naselabhorethri yomtholampilo ukuze enze ezinye izivivinyo ezisizayo.Iya elabhorethri uyohlola i-serum mycoplasma antibody (i-IgM antibody), isimiso segazi, iphrotheni esabelayo e-hypersensitive C-reactive (hs-CRP).Ama-antibodies e-Serum ku-mycoplasma, uma kukhulu kune-1: 64, noma ukwanda kwe-4-fold in the titer ngesikhathi sokutakula, kungasetshenziswa njengenkomba yokuxilonga;Imiphumela yesimiso segazi igxila enanini lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (WBC), ngokuvamile evamile, angase akhuphuke kancane, futhi ngisho amanye azoba ngaphansi kancane, lokhu kuhluke ekuthelelekeni kwamagciwane, ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe ngokuvamile azokwanda;I-CRP izophakanyiswa ku-mycoplasma pneumonia, futhi uma ingaphezu kuka-40mg/L, ingase isetshenziselwe ukucacisa i-refractory mycoplasma pneumonia.Okunye ukuhlola kungaphinda kuhlole ama-enzyme e-myocardial, ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso, noma kubone ngokuqondile i-mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen ezibonelweni zokuphefumula ukuze kuhlonzwe ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha.Ngokwesidingo, i-electrocardiogram, i-electroencephalogram, i-X-ray yesifuba, i-CT yesifuba, i-urinary system color ultrasound nezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile zingenziwa.
4. Ukwelashwa kwe-mycoplasma pneumonia ezinganeni
Ngemuva kokuxilongwa kwe-mycoplasma pneumonia, kuyadingeka ukulandela iseluleko sikadokotela sokwelashwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane, ukukhetha kokuqala ama-macrolides, okuyizidakamizwa ezaziwa kakhulu ze-erythromycin, ezingalawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-mycoplasma protein futhi zivimbele ukwenzeka kwe ukuvuvukala.Njengamanje, i-azithromycin ivame ukusetshenziswa emtholampilo, engangena ngokuqondile endaweni yokuvuvukala, igweme ukushiyeka kwe-erythromycin, futhi isebenza kahle futhi iphephile kune-erythromycin.Qaphela ukuthi ungaphuzi ama-antibiotics emanzini ashisayo;Ungathathi ngobisi, i-enzyme yobisi kanye namanye amalungiselelo asebenzayo amagciwane;Ungaphuzi ijusi phakathi kwamahora angu-2 wokuthatha ama-antibiotics, udle izithelo, ngoba ijusi yezithelo iqukethe isithelo se-asidi, ukusheshisa ukuqedwa kwama-antibiotics, kuthinta ukusebenza kahle;Futhi gwema uviniga nezidakamizwa nokudla okuqukethe utshwala, njengamanzi e-Huoxiang Zhengqi, iwayini lelayisi, njll.
Ukwelashwa okunezimpawu ezifana nokunciphisa umkhuhlane, ukukhululeka kokukhwehlela kanye nokwehliswa kwephlegm kunganikezwa ngaphambi kokuxilongwa okuqinisekile.Uma i-antibody ye-mycoplasma ine-positive, i-azithromycin kufanele inikezwe ngesilinganiso esingu-10mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka.Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukujova i-azithromycin nge-intravenous kuyadingeka.Ingase futhi iphathwe ngemithi yendabuko yamaShayina, kodwa ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu emaphashini e-mycoplasma pneumonia, izimo ezinzima zingase zihlanganiswe ne-pleural effusion, i-atelectasis, i-necrotic pneumonia, njll. Njengamanje, imithi yaseNtshonalanga inconywa njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko. .
Ngemuva kokwelashwa, izingane ezine-mycoplasma pneumoniae azisenawo umkhuhlane nokukhwehlela, futhi izimpawu zokuphefumula ziphela ngokuphelele izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3, akukhuthazwa ukuqhubeka nokuthatha izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane ukuze ugweme ukumelana.
5. Yini okufanele inake ukudla kwezingane ezine-mycoplasma pneumonia?
Phakathi nenkathi ye-mycoplasma pneumonia, iziguli ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngokomzimba, ubuhlengikazi bokudla kubaluleke kakhulu.Ukudla okunesayensi nokudla okunengqondo kusiza kakhulu ekululameni kwesifo, kufanele kuqinise ukudla okunomsoco, okunama-kilojoule amaningi, amavithamini acebile, ukugaya kalula ukudla okuwuketshezi kanye nokudla okuwuketshezi oluwuketshezi, kungadla kahle imifino emisha, izithelo, ukudla okunamaphrotheni amaningi kanye ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kokudla.Ezinganeni ezine-mycoplasma pneumonia, abazali kufanele baphakamise ikhanda lengane lapho bencelisa ukuvimbela ukuminyanisa nokuminyanisa.Uma ingane ene-mycoplasma pneumonia inokudla okungalungile noma ayikwazi ukudla, ukwesekwa komsoco kwabazali kungabekwa udokotela.
Kufanele sinake kakhulu ukudla kwezingane ezine-mycoplasma pneumonia, sinake ukudla, futhi ungadli ukudla okungenakudliwa, ukuze kungakhulisi ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo.Izingane ezigulayo ngokuvamile azikuthandi ukudla, abazali bavame ukonakalisa zonke izinhlobo zokwaneliseka, kodwa okunye ukudla kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe.
6. Indlela yokuvikela impilo yokuphefumula yezingane nokuvimbela inyumoniya ye-mycoplasma?
(1) Thuthukisa ukuzivikela:
Izingane ezinokuzivikela okuphansi zingase zibe ne-mycoplasma pneumonia, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba.Qinisa ukuvivinya umzimba, udle imifino nezithelo, engeza amaprotheni ekhwalithi ephezulu, zonke izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwawo;Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukugwema ukwehla kokuzivikela kwabo siqu, ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka noma ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu lapho bephuma, ukwengeza izingubo ngesikhathi ukuvimbela amakhaza nokubanda;
(2) Naka ukudla okunempilo:
Ukugcina imikhuba emihle yokudla, yidla imifino nezithelo ezintsha kanye nokunye ukudla okunempilo, ungadli okubabayo, okunamafutha, okuluhlaza nokubandayo, ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukudla okuvamile.Ungadla ukudla okuningi okunomsoco wamaphaphu, njengeSydney nesithombo esimhlophe, ukunciphisa ukukhwehlela;
(3) Gcina imikhuba emihle yokuphila nokufunda:
Ukusebenza nokuphumula okuvamile, inhlanganisela yomsebenzi nokuphumula, phumula isimo sengqondo, qinisekisa ukulala ngokwanele.Isimo sezulu sasekwindla nasebusika somile, uthuli olusemoyeni luphakeme, futhi ulwelwesi lwamakhala lomuntu kulula ukululimaza.Phuza amanzi amaningi ukuze ugcine i-mucosa yamakhala imanzi, engamelana ngokuphumelelayo nokuhlasela kwamagciwane, futhi usize ukukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni futhi uhlanze indawo yangaphakathi;
(4) Ukuvivinya umzimba okufanele:
Ukuvivinya umzimba kusiza ukugcina isimiso sokuphefumula sinempilo, kuqinisa i-metabolism, futhi sithuthukise ukumelana nezifo.Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okunjengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, intambo yokugxuma, i-aerobics, ukudlala i-basketball, ukubhukuda, nobuciko bokulwa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu, kuthuthukise amandla okuthatha umoya-mpilo, futhi kwandise amandla okusebenza kwesimiso sokuphefumula.Ngemuva kokuzivocavoca, qaphela ukomisa umjuluko ngesikhathi sokufudumala;Ukuvivinya umzimba okufanelekile kwangaphandle, kodwa hhayi ukuvivinya umzimba okukhandlayo.
(5) Isivikelo esihle:
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-mycoplasma isakazwa ikakhulukazi ngamaconsi, uma kuneziguli ezinomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela, ukukhishwa kwe-disinfection kanye nokuzihlukanisa kufanele kuthathwe ngesikhathi.Zama ukungayi ezindaweni zomphakathi eziminyene;Uma zingekho izimo ezikhethekile, zama ukugqoka imaski ukuze unciphise amathuba okutheleleka;
(6) Naka inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu:
Inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu kanye nenhlanzeko yemvelo, geza izandla njalo, geza njalo, shintsha izingubo njalo, futhi wome izingubo njalo.Geza izandla zakho ngamanzi agelezayo nensipho ngokushesha ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokuphuma, ngemva kokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, nangemuva kokuhlanza ikhala lakho ukuze unciphise ukusabalala kwamagciwane namagciwane.Ungathinti izindawo zobuso njengomlomo, ikhala namehlo ngezandla ezingcolile ukuze unciphise amathuba okutheleleka.Lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula ezindaweni zomphakathi eziminyene, sebenzisa iduku noma iphepha ukuvala umlomo nekhala ukuze unciphise isifutho;Ungakhafuli noma yikuphi ukuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangcolisi umoya futhi athelele abanye;
(7) Gcina ikhwalithi yomoya yasendlini enhle:
Naka ukungena komoya wegumbi ukunciphisa ukuhlasela kwe-pathogen.Ikwindla yomile futhi inothuli, futhi ama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene e-pathogenic kanye nokungezwani komzimba kungaxhunywa ezinhlayiyeni zothuli futhi zingene endleleni yokuphefumula ngokuphefumula.Kufanele ngokuvamile uvule iminyango kanye nama-Windows, umoya omncane, isikhathi sokungena komoya ngasinye imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30, gcina ukujikeleza komoya okuzungezile.Ungasebenzisa njalo i-vinegar fumigation, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet nokunye ukukhishwa kwe-air disinfection, ukukhishwa kwe-ultraviolet kufanele kube ngangokunokwenzeka ukukhetha ku-disinfection yasendlini, uma othile esendlini, qaphela ukuvikela amehlo.Ukungcola okusemoyeni njengothuli, intuthu namakhemikhali kungabangela umonakalo ohlelweni lokuphefumula, akuhlali endaweni engcolile isikhathi eside.Izinyathelo ezinjengokuhlanza njalo indawo yasekhaya, ukugcina umoya, ukusebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza umoya noma izitshalo zasendlini zinganciphisa izinto eziyingozi emoyeni wasendlini;
(8) Gwema intuthu kagwayi:
Ukubhema kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu futhi kwandisa ingozi yesifo sokuphefumula.Ukuvikela izingane ekubhemeni kukagwayi kungathuthukisa kakhulu impilo yazo yokuphefumula.
(9) Ukugoma:
Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane, inyumoniya neminye imithi yokugoma kufanele ijovwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zayo ukuvimbela izifo zokuphefumula ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu.
Ngamafuphi, ukuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwakho kuyisihluthulelo.Ngenyumoniya ye-mycoplasma, kufanele siyinake ngokugcwele futhi akufanele sithuke kakhulu.Nakuba idumile, umonakalo unomkhawulo, iningi liyakwazi ukuzelapha, futhi kukhona izindlela zokwelapha eziphephile nezisebenzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-03-2023