Wonke umuntu ujwayelene nezinhlayiya zokungcoliswa komoya ezifana ne-smog ne-PM2.5.Phela sesihlushwe yibo iminyaka eminingi.Kodwa-ke, izinhlayiya ezifana ne-smog ne-PM2.5 bezilokhu zibhekwa njengemithombo kuphela yokungcoliswa komoya wangaphandle.Wonke umuntu unokungaqondi okungokwemvelo ngabo, ecabanga ukuthi uma nje uya ekhaya futhi uvale amafasitela, ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukungcola.Njengoba wonke umuntu azi, ukungcoliswa komoya ongaphakathi kungumbulali wangempela ongabonakali.
Ukunukubezeka komoya wasendlini yikho esivame ukuhlangana nakho futhi kunesikhathi eside kakhulu sokuchayeka.Ngemva kokufinyelela izinga elithile emoyeni, liyoba nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni futhi libangele ngisho nezifo.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukungcoliswa komoya ongaphakathi kwakhiwe ukungcola okukhiqizwa endlini kanye nokungcola okungena ekamelweni kusuka ngaphandle.
Uma inkomba ye-AQI yomoya wangaphandle iphansi, ingaphandle linomthelela omncane ekungcolisweni komoya wasendlini, futhi ukuvula amafasitela okungenisa umoya kusiza ekunciphiseni ukungcola kwangaphakathi.Kodwa-ke, uma inkomba ye-AQI yomoya wangaphandle iphezulu futhi ukungcola kubi kakhulu, njengesimo sezulu sentuthu, ukungcola kwasendlini kuzobekwa ngaphezulu kabili.
Imithombo evamile yokungcoliswa kwendlu yasendlini iwukungcola okukhishwe ngokuziphatha okuvuthayo okufana nokubhema nokupheka.Ukugxila kuphezulu futhi nenani lezikhathi zokukhululwa liphezulu, futhi izinhlayiya ezinhle nazo zikhangiswa amakhethini asendlini nosofa, okuholela ekungcoleni kwesikhathi eside namaphethini okukhululwa kancane.Njengesandla sesithathubhema.
Okwesibili, ifenisha esezingeni eliphansi, ifenisha entsha ceke noma esezingeni eliphansi, kanye nezinto eziguquguqukayo njengegwebu elingaphakathi endlini nepulasitiki kuzoshintsha ukungcola okuyingozi, njenge-formaldehyde!Lolu hlobo lwephunga elihlabayo lungenza abantu baxwaye, kodwa izinto ezingcolisa umoya ezingenambala nezingenaphunga njenge-toluene kulula ukuzithatha kalula.
NgoJulayi 2022, Ikhomishana Yezempilo Kazwelonke yakhipha ngokusemthethweni izinga elinconyiwe elithi “Indoor Air Quality Standard” (GB/T 18883-2022) (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi “Okujwayelekile”), izinga lokuqala elithuthukisiwe elinconyiwe ezweni lami eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. iminyaka.
“Okuvamile” kwengeze izinkomba ezintathu ze-indoor air fine particulate matter (PM2.5), trichlorethylene ne-tetrachlorethylene, futhi yalungisa imikhawulo yezinkomba ezinhlanu (nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, total bacteria, radon).Ku-PM2.5 esanda kungezwa, inani elijwayelekile lesilinganiso samahora angu-24 alidluli ku-50µg/m³, futhi ku-particle ekhona kakade (PM10), inani elijwayelekile lesilinganiso samahora angu-24 alidluli ku-100µg/m³ .
Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lomoya wasendlini ikakhulukazi kugxile ekwehlisweni noma ekususweni kokungcoliswa kwezinhlayiyana.Imigomo yokususa iningi labahlanzi komoya kuqala ikhomba ukungcola.Njengoba iyanda imindeni nezinkampani ezijwayelene neqhaza labahlanza umoya, bayanda abantu abazimisele ukuthenga izinto zokuhlanza umoya ukuze bavikele impilo yemindeni nezisebenzi zabo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwalandela amazwi aphikisayo.Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi izihlanzi zomoya “ziyintela ye-IQ” entsha nje, umqondo oye wanyuselwa wasakazwa, futhi awukwazi ngempela ukuthuthukisa nokuvikela impilo yethu.
Ngakho-ke ingabe izihlanzi zomoya ngempela “izintela ze-IQ”?
Isikole Sezempilo Yomphakathi saseFudan University kanye ne-Shanghai Environmental Protection Industry Association zihlole imiphumela yezihlanzi zomoya empilweni kusukela emiphumeleni yocwaningo olushicilelwe ngezinto ezihlanza umoya nempilo yabantu.
Njengamanje, ucwaningo ngemiphumela yezempilo yezihlanzi zomoya ezisendlini noma izinhlelo zomoya omusha ezihlangene empilweni yabantu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa indlela yokuklama “yocwaningo lokungenelela”, okungukuthi, ukuqhathanisa inani labantu ngaphambi nangemva kokusebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya, noma ukuqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa Izihlanzi zomoya “zangempela” (ngokuhlunga izinguquko ezivumelanisiwe zekhwalithi yomoya kanye nezinkomba zomphumela wezempilo wesibalo sabantu phakathi kwesihlanzi komoya “somgunyathi” (kususwe imojula yesihlungi). Imiphumela yezempilo engaboniswa futhi ikalwe ihlobene nomehluko wokuchayeka. ukugxila kwesibalo sabantu kushintshwe ukungenelela kanye nobude bokungenelela Iningi lezifundo ezikhona ukungenelela kwesikhashana, futhi imiphumela yezempilo ehilelekile igxile kakhulu ohlelweni lokuphefumula kanye nemiphumela yezempilo yenhliziyo, okuyizinkinga ezimbili zezempilo. ezithintwa kakhulu ukungcoliswa komoya futhi ezinomthwalo omkhulu wezifo.Asihlole lezi zici ezimbili ndawonye.
Ukungenelela Kwekhwalithi Yomoya Wasendlini kanye Nempilo Yokuphefumula
Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisa umoya ezisendlini kwandisa ingozi yezifo ezihlobene nokuphefumula.Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukusebenzisa imishini yokuhlanza umoya ukunciphisa ukungcola kwasendlini kungabonwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinkomba zokuvuvukala komzila womoya kanye nezinye izinkomba zokusebenza kwamaphaphu.I-FeNO (exhaled nitric oxide) ingenye yezinkomba ezibonisa izinga lokuvuvukala emgudwini wokuphefumula ophansi.
Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi lapho kugxilwa ezigulini ezinezifo zokuphefumula ezikhona, ukungenelela kwekhwalithi yomoya wasendlini kunomthelela omkhulu wokuvikela empilweni yesistimu yokuphefumula.Ezigulini ezine-allergenic rhinitis, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngenxa yokungenelela kwabahlanza umoya, izimpawu ze-rhinitis ezigulini ezine-pollen yokungezwani komzimba zithuthukiswa kakhulu.
Imiphumela yocwaningo ehlobene eSouth Korea iphinde ibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezihlanzi zomoya ze-HEPA (High Efficiency Air Filtration Module) kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo semithi ezigulini ezine-rhinitis eguliswa yi-allergic.
Kuziguli ezine-asthmatic, izehlakalo zokusabela kwe-asthmatic zakuqala zaziphansi kakhulu ezigulini ezisebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya;ngesikhathi esifanayo, izihlanzi zomoya nazo zavimbela ukusabela kwe-asthmatic sekwephuzile.
Kwaphinde kwaphawulwa ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwesihlanzi somoya, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwemithi ezinganeni ezinesifuba somoya wehla kakhulu, futhi inani lezinsuku i-asthmatics ezingenazo izimpawu landa kakhulu.
Ukungenelela kwekhwalithi yomoya wasendlini nempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka ku-PM2.5 ezungezile kungandisa kakhulu isifo senhliziyo nokufa, ngaphezu kokwandisa izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo.Ngezinye izikhathi ukuchayeka okwesikhashana kuphela kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, njengesigqi senhliziyo esibulalayo.Ukungalungi, i-myocardial infarction, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo kungazelelwe, njll.
Ngokungenelela kwekhwalithi yomoya yasendlini, njengokusetshenziswa kwezihlanzi zomoya ze-HEPA, ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi, ukungcola kunqanyulwa ungqimba ngongqimba, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokuhlanza umoya.Ukusebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya ze-HEPA kungahlanza u-81.7% wezinhlayiyana ezisemoyeni lapho upheka endlini, kwehlise kakhulu ukugcwala kwezinhlayiya zasendlini.
Imiphumela yokungenelela kwesikhathi esifushane kwezihlanzi zomoya zasendlini ibonisa ukuthi ukungenelela kwesikhathi esifushane sokuhlanza umoya kungase kube usizo empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.Nakuba umphumela obalulekile wokwehlisa umfutho wegazi esikhathini esifushane ungabonakali, unezinzuzo ezisobala ekulawulweni komsebenzi wokuzimela wenhliziyo (ukuhlukahluka kwezinga lenhliziyo).Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinde ibe nemiphumela esobala yokunciphisa kanye nokwenza ngcono ezinkomba zebhayoloji zesici sokuvuvukala egazini lomuntu, ukuhlangana kwesistimu yenhliziyo, izici zokulimala kwe-oxidative nezinye izinkomba, futhi kunemiphumela esobala ngesikhathi esifushane.Izihloko zocwaningo ze-PM2.5 zazinamazinga aphezulu omfutho wegazi kanye nezimpawu zokuvuvukala zegazi le-peripheral, futhi ukungenelela kwesihlanzi somoya kuphumele ekwehleni okukhulu kokugxila kwe-PM2.5 endlini.
Kwezinye izivivinyo zokungenelela zekhwalithi yomoya zesikhathi eside, ezinye izifundo zibone ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezihlanzi zomoya ukuze kungenelele kunganciphisa kakhulu umfutho wegazi wezifundo futhi kubambe iqhaza ekwehliseni umfutho wegazi.
Ngokuvamile, ngokusekelwe ezifundweni ezishicilelwe, iningi lezifundo zokungenelela zasebenzisa idizayini yocwaningo elawulwa ngokungahleliwe ye-double blind-blind (crossover), izinga lobufakazi liphezulu, futhi iziza zocwaningo ezezakhiwo zomphakathi ezivamile ezihlanganisa izindlu, izikole, izibhedlela kanye nomphakathi. izindawo Linda.Iningi lezifundo lalisebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya zasendlini njengezindlela zokungenelela (zombili izinhlobo zasekhaya nezangaphandle), futhi ezinye zasebenzisa izindlela zokungenelela lapho amasistimu omoya ohlanzekile wasendlini kanye namadivayisi okuhlanza avulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa.Ukuhlanzwa komoya okwakuhilelekile kwakuyi-high-efficiency particulate remove and purification (HEPA).Ngasikhathi sinye, iphinde ibe nocwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesicoci somoya se-ion negative, ikhabhoni ecushiwe, ukuqoqwa kothuli lwe-electrostatic nobunye ubuchwepheshe.Isikhathi socwaningo ngempilo yabantu siyehluka.Uma ukuqapha izinga lomoya wasendlini kulula, isikhathi sokungenelela ngokuvamile sisukela evikini eli-1 ukuya onyakeni ongu-1.Uma ukuqapha izinga lemvelo kanye nemiphumela yezempilo kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuvamile kuwucwaningo lwesikhashana olunezinga elikhulu.Iningi liphakathi kwamaviki angu-4.
Ngenkathi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya wasendlini, ukuhlanzwa komoya wasendlini kungabuye kuthuthukise ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukusebenza kahle kwesikole, kanye nekhwalithi yokulala yabafundi noma yabantu.
Ukungenelela okusebenzayo kwekhwalithi yomoya wasendlini kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa kwegesi yasendlini, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikele impilo yethu.Ikakhulukazi lapho isikhathi sasekhaya siba side, abahlanza umoya bangaphelezela ukuze banciphise ukungcoliswa komoya endlini, bahlanze umoya wasendlini, futhi bavikele impilo engokomzimba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlanzi zomoya kuzoba enye yezindlela zethu ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela izifo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwenhliziyo namaphaphu, kunokuba lokho abanye abantu abakubiza ngokuthi “i-pseudoscience” kanye “nentela ye-IQ”.Vele, ngemuva kokuthi isihlanzi somoya sesisetshenziswe isikhathi esithile,isihlungikufanele kushintshwe njalo, ukuhlanzwa nokunakekelwa kufanele kwenziwe, futhi ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ukuze kugwenywe ukwenzeka kwemikhiqizo engathandeki.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-25-2022