Ama-Coronaviruses angasakazwa ngendlela yamaconsi, inani elincane lawo lingasakazwa ngokuthintana *13, futhi angasakazwa nge-fecal-oral*14, futhi njengamanje kubhekwe ukuthi adluliselwe ngama-aerosols.
I-Droplet Transmission iwukudluliswa kwebanga elifushane elinebanga elingamamitha ambalwa kuphela, kuyilapho ama-aerosols engahambela kude.
Isibonelo, ukuthimula kuqukethe amaconsi angaba ngu-40,000, lapho amaconsi amakhulu angaphezu kwama-microns angu-60, kanti amaconsi amancane angama-microns angu-10-60.Njengoba umswakama we-ambient ungafinyeleli ku-100% RH, amaconsi azoqala ukuhwamuka ngokushesha.Ngemva kwesikhathi, amaconsi azoba yi-droplet nuclei*1 yama-microns angu-0.5-12.
Ngaphezu kokukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela kuzokhiqiza ama-nuclei angama-droplet angaba ngu-3000, alingana ne- droplet nuclei ekhiqizwa umuntu ovamile ekhuluma imizuzu emi-5*2 Isivinini sokuqala samaconsi akhishwa ngokuthimula siphezulu kakhulu, cishe i-100m/s, ngakho-ke ingasakazekela kumamitha amaningana Amaconsi akhiqizwa ukuphefumula okuvamile angahogelwa futhi abantu abaqhele ngemitha elingu-1*4.
Ingqikithi ye-aerosol yitemu elivamile lezinhlayiya eziqinile eziqinile noma eziwuketshezi ezilengiswe emoyeni.I-PM2.5 edume kabi iyi-aerosol enobubanzi(empeleni ububanzi be-aerodynamic) obungaphansi kwama-microns angu-2.5.Ngemva kokuba amaconsi athwele inani elikhulu legciwane ekhishwe emzimbeni womuntu, azohwamuka, anciphe ngosayizi, futhi ingxenye yawo izowela phansi.Ingxenye elenga emoyeni izokwakha i-aerosol ethwala igciwane.
Uma incane, i-aerosol izohamba ibanga elide kakhulu—ngoba ama-aerosol amancane awafiki ngokushesha, azohambela kude ngokugeleza komoya.
Isibonelo, i-aerosol ephethe igciwane enobubanzi obungama-microns ayi-100 izofika ngemizuzwana eyi-10, i-aerosol engama-microns angama-20 izofika emizuzwini emi-4, kuthi i-aerosol engama-microns ayi-10 izofika emizuzwini eyi-17.Kodwa-ke, ama-aerosols we-micron engu-1 nangaphansi azomiswa emoyeni cishe "unomphela"*5 (ngaphezu kwamahora ambalwa, noma ngisho nezinsuku ezimbalwa).Lesi sici senza i-aerosol ethwele igciwane ibe khona ekuthelelekeni isikhathi eside.
Ingabe Izihlungi Zokuhlanza Umoya Zibamba Ama-Aerosol Alingana Negciwane?
Ngamafuphi: iningi lizokwenza, nokho, ezinye zizohlunga kahle kakhudlwana kanti ezinye zizohlunga kahle kancane.Ezinye zihlunga ngokushesha kanti ezinye zihlunga kancane.Kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile, kufanele ukhethe eyodwa enekhono eliphezulu lokuhlunga kanye nesivinini sokuhlunga ngokushesha.
Qaphela: [Ukusebenza Kahle Kakhulu] kusho ukuthi igciwane linamathuba amaningi okuthi libanjwe lapho lidlula engxenyeni yesihlungi.[Isivinini sokuhlunga ngokushesha] sisho ukuthi amagciwane amaningi adlula engxenyeni yesihlungi ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi womabili abaluleke ngokufanayo.Abasebenzisi abaningi abasaqalayo ngokuvamile babona kuphela [ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu] futhi bangazinaki [isivinini sokuhlunga ngokushesha], okuzoholela kulokhu: nakuba isici sokuhlunga singathwebula cishe u-100% we-aerosol yegciwane egeleza kuyo, i-aerosol yegciwane edlula engxenyeni yokuhlunga nayo kancane , ama-aerosols emoyeni awela kancane kakhulu, okuholela ezifweni ezintsha.
(1) Yikuphiizici zokuhlunga zisebenza kahle kakhulu?
Ngokuya ngokwezinga elijwayelekile laseMelika i-ASHRAE 52.2, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwezinto zokuhlunga ezisetshenziswa ekungeniseni komoya kuhlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo (MERV1-MERV16):
Ibanga lokuhlunga elingaphezu kwe-MERV16 yi-HEPA.Isici sokuhlunga esifanayo sinokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga kwama-aerosol osayizi abahlukene.Ngokwalesi sibalo esingezansi, singabona ukuthi isici sokuhlunga sisebenza kahle ngokuhluza ama-aerosol esikalini sika-0.1 micron kuya ku-1 micron.Nokho, izici zokuhlunga ze-MERV16 namabanga aphezulu e-HEPA Isici sokuhlunga*11 sinomphumela omuhle wokuhlunga walolu hlu lwama-aerosol, futhi izinga lokususa lingafinyelela ku-95% noma ngaphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, akungabazeki ukuthi abasebenzisi kufanele bakhethe aisihlungi esingenhla kwe-MERV16 – isici sesihlungi se-HEPA.
Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, ama-elementi okuhlunga umoya ase-China akudingekile ukuthi amake ibanga lokuhlunga ingxenye.Ama-elementi okuhlunga afanelekayo (ama-elementi esihlungi ngaphezu kwebanga le-MERV16) anezinkulumo ezilandelayo:
“H13/H12/E12 isici sokuhlunga/isihlungi/isikrini sokuhlunga/iphepha lokuhlunga”
“Ukuhlunga okungu-99.5% (noma u-99.95%) kwezinhlayiya/ama-aerosol angu-0.3μm”
abantu baphinde babuze izihlungi ze-DO HEPA zivikela ku-COVID
(2) Yikuphiisici sokuhlungainesivinini sokuhlunga esisheshayo?
Eqinisweni, lokhu akudingi nje ukumelana okuphansi kwesici sokuhlunga, kodwa futhi kudinga umthamo omkhulu womoya we-fan.Isivinini sokuhlunga esisheshayo sesici sokuhlunga sisho ukuthi ama-aerosols aqukethe igciwane ahlala emoyeni isikhathi esifushane, futhi azothathwa into yokuhlunga ngokushesha, elandela le mithetho elandelayo:
Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokuba ama-aerosol aqukethe amagciwane ahlale emoyeni ∝ umthamo wegumbi/CADR
Okusho ukuthi, uma i-CADR yokuhlanza umoya inkulu, isikhathi esilinganiselwe lapho i-aerosol ihlala emoyeni.
Ukunikeza isibonelo esilula, ekamelweni elingamamitha-skwele angu-15 (ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-2.4), ngokusekelwe ezingeni elivamile lokungena komoya legumbi izikhathi ezingu-0.3 ngehora, isikhathi esivamile sokuba ama-aerosol aphethe igciwane ahlale emoyeni amahora angu-3.3.Kodwa-ke, uma isihlanzi somoya esine-CADR=120m³/h sivulwa egumbini, isikhathi esimaphakathi sokuba i-nuclei yamaconsi ahlale emoyeni sizoncishiswa sibe imizuzu eyi-18 (inqobo nje uma iminyango namafasitela kuvaliwe).
Ngamafuphi: Kuma-aerosol egciwane, izinga lokuhlunga lesici sokuhlunga liphezulu, liba phezulu i-CADR yesihlanzi somoya, futhi kuba ngcono umphumela wokuhlanza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-23-2022