IMaui, eHawaii, e-U.S.A., yangqongqa umlilo ngo-8.Idolobhana elinomlando elisogwini lolwandle iLahaina enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMaui County “laphenduka umlotha ngobusuku obubodwa”.Okungenani bangu-93 abantu asebeshonile kuze kube manje, kanti isibalo sezisulu kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke sikhula.Kwakuwumlilo wequbula omubi kunayo yonke e-United States esikhathini esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.
Ochwepheshe baseMelika: Indawo yomlilo eMaui, eHawaii ibhekene ne-usongo olukhulu lwezinhlekelele zesibili
Ngokombiko we-CBS ngomhla ka-12, ochwepheshe bezemvelo baseMelika bathi umlilo waseMaui, eHawaii ungase ube usongo emvelweni kanye nempilo yezakhamuzi endaweni ethintekile.Inkinga enkulu ebhekene nayo.
Intuthu nomlotha okuphuma lapho kushiswa izinkuni, ipulasitiki, imfucumfucu eyingozi nezinye izinto zokwakha zingaqukatha izinkulungwane zamakhemikhali, kusho u-Andrew Whelton, uprofesa wobunjiniyela bomphakathi, imvelo nemvelo eNyuvesi yasePurdue e-United States.Lezi zinhlayiya zentuthu nezintuli zingase zingcolise inhlabathi nemithombo yamanzi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zihogelwe abantu, zibe usongo oluqondile empilweni yabahlali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ezibonakala ziphephile ngokwesakhiwo zingaqukatha ukungcola okusongela impilo yabantu.Abanyeamagesi angcolisayofuthi izinhlayiya zingangena ezakhiweni ngemifantu, iminyango, amafasitela, nezinye iminyango, futhi zinamathele ezindongeni nasezindaweni ezingaphezulu noma zingene ezindwangu.Ongoti baphinde bathi kunezinye izinto eziyingozi ezindaweni okuhlalwa kuzo ngemuva komlilo, njengokufakwa kwegesi yemvelo eyonakele, izintambo zikagesi namapayipi egesi angase avuze ugesi, ukungcola noma ukuvuza.
Ngomhla ka-11, uHulumeni Wesifunda SaseMaui ukhiphe isexwayiso sokuphepha kwamanzi eLahaina nakwezinye izindawo ezithinteke emlilweni.Uhulumeni wesifunda uthe ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamagesi anobuthi nezinhlayiya zothuli ekushisweni komlilo, kwenyuse ubungozi bokuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza.Ngakho-ke uhulumende usexwayise izakhamizi ukuthi zisebenzise amanzi embodlela kuphela ukunatha lokupheka kanye lokugwema amanzi abilayo abilayo.Izikhulu zezempilo zombuso waseHawaii zeluleka izakhamizi ukuthigqoka izinto zokuzivikela, njengezifihla-buso, amagilavu nezigqoko, uma ubuka izinsalela.
Abanye ongoti bezemvelo bathe ngesikhathi sokucishwa komlilo nokususa imfucumfucu, izinto ezingcolile zingangena emfuleni nokugeleza kwamanzi futhi zigcine zigeleze olwandle.I-Lahaina sekuyisikhathi eside iyindawo yezivakashi e-Maui ukubona izimfudu, amakhorali nezinye izilwane zasolwandle ezisongelwa ukungcola okuvela emlilweni ovuthayo kanye nemizamo yokucisha umlilo.Ochwepheshe bezemvelo bathi ngokuthuthuka komsebenzi wokulwa nomlilo nomsebenzi wokuhlanza, indlela yokulahla ngokuphepha amanxiwa nezinto eziyingozi futhi ugweme ukulimala kwesibili kubahlali kanye nemvelo kuyoba yinkinga enkulu ebhekene nendawo yenhlekelele.
Izinkulungwane zemililo yequbula isavutha eCanada, engaphezu kwengxenye engalawuleki
Ngesikhathi sendawo se-12, idatha yakamuva evela e-Canadian Interdepartmental Forest Fire Centre ibonise ukuthi kusukela manje, kusenemililo yehlathi engaphezu kwenkulungwane evuthayo kulo lonke elase-Canada, futhi engaphezu kwengxenye yayo ayisalawuleki.
Ngokwemininingwane evela kusizindalwazi salesi sikhungo, kube nokusha kwamahlathi angaphezu kuka-5,600 eCanada kulo nyaka, okuhlanganisa indawo engaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angu-131,000, eqhubeka nokuphula amarekhodi omlando.Phakathi kwazo, isibalo semililo esavutha singu-1115, ezingu-719 esingalawuleki.Intuthu ewugqinsi yasakazekela eNew York nakwezinye izindawo, yamboza idolobha ngonkungu ophuzi, futhi izigidi zabantu baseCanada nabaseMelika baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale ezindlini.
Intuthu yomlilo wequbulaiqukethe inani elikhulu lamagesi anobuthi kanye nezinhlayiya zento.Intuthu iqukethe amagesi e-VOC ayingozi kanye ne-PM2.5 nezinye izinhlayiya ezingcolisayo, ezizofaka impilo yomuntu engozini kakhulu ngemva kokuhogela.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani wena nomndeni wakho ukuze uphefumule ngokuphepha lapho kuqubuka umlilo wequbula.Izindlela ezintathu ezilandelayo zifanele iningi lethu.
- Hlala ekhaya, uvale iminyango namafasitela
Awufuni ukuhogela intuthu enobuthi?Indlela elula ukuhlala ngemuva kweminyango evaliwe futhi unciphise isikhathi esichithwa ngaphandle.Yiqiniso, ngenkathi "uhlehla", udinga ukuvala iminyango namafasitela.Lokhu akukhona nje ukuvimbela ukugqekeza, futhi kunciphisa umthamo wentuthu engena endlini yakho.
Le ndlela ilula, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi umphumela nawo muhle kakhulu.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi umoya wasendlini uqukethe ukungcola okungama-40% kunangaphandle!
- Gqoka imaski ngaphambi kokuphuma
Ezindaweni eziningi ezimbozwe intuthu yomlilo wequbula, ingozi enkulu empilweni yokuphefumula i-PM2.5 (i-fine particulate matter) elethwa intuthu.
Kodwa akunzima ukubhekana nazo.Amamaski angakwazi ukuhlunga ngempumelelo i-PM2.5 emoyeni.
Imaski ye-N95 ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlunga izinhlayiya ezinhle.Uma uhlunga izinhlayiya ezinkulu kuno-0.3 microns emoyeni, izinga lokuthwebula kwawo liphezulu njenge-95%.
Kodwa-ke, ukufika kwalolu bhubhane olusha lwe-crown kwenze ukuhlinzekwa kwamaski kunciphile.Kwesinye isikhathi, akuwona wonke umuntu ongathenga imaski yochwepheshe ye-N95.Kepha ungakhathazeki, umphumela wamamaski wezokwelapha ekuhlungeni izinhlayiya ze-PM2.5 nawo muhle kakhulu.Imaski yezokwelapha ejwayelekile ingahluza u-63% wezinhlayiya ze-PM2.5!Siphinde sahlola ikhono lemaski ehlukahlukene lokuhlunga izinhlayiya zokungcola, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibingemibi.Ukugqoka imaskhi ukuze uphume nakanjani kungcono kakhulu kunokuchayeka emoyeni ogcwele ukungcola!
- vula iisihlanzi somoya
Ukuvula isihlanzi somoya kunganciphisa ukugcwala kwezinhlayiya ezingcolisayo namagesi ayingozi, kuqinisekise ukuthi uyakwazi ukuphefumula umoya ohlanzekile nohlanzekile.Uma ufuna ukuhlanza izinhlayiya ze-PM2.5 entuthuni yomlilo wequbula, izihlanzi zomoya ze-HEPA zisebenza kakhulu.
Iminyango eqinile namafasitela angavimba kuphela u-50% wezinhlayiya ze-PM2.5, ngoba lezi zinhlayiya zincane kakhulu futhi zingangena ekamelweni ngezikhala zeminyango namafasitela.
Kodwa izinto zokuhlanza umoya zingakwazi ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga nge-net.Endabeni yamandla afanelekile, isihlungi somoya se-HEPA singahluza u-99% wezinhlayiya ze-PM2.5!Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha i-air purifier, ngaphezu kokucabangela ukusebenza kwezindleko, kufanele futhi ukhethe isihlanzi esinamandla afanele ngokusho kobukhulu bekamelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-14-2023